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        Since the Industrial Revolution, carbon dioxide emissions have increased dramatically due to the burning of fossil fuels by humans. The Kyoto Protocol, reached by the United Nations in December 1997, aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate global warming

        Then, in December 2015, the Paris Agreement, adopted at the United Nations Climate Change Conference, replaced the Kyoto Protocol, with the aim of jointly curbing the trend of global warming. The goal is to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to strive to limit it to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels

        With increasing global attention focused on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, this issue has become a widely recognized and important concern. To more effectively address the current state of greenhouse gases, countries have invested in and developed carbon pricing mechanisms, spearheaded by the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the US Clean Competition Act (CCA). These measures aim to effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions through carbon tariffs, thereby mitigating the environmental and ecosystem impacts of climate change